The (Mob) Trophies are a group of blocks added by ArmorPlus. Trophies can be acquired from killing the specific entity if boss trophy drops are enabled via the configuration file.
There is a trophy for each type of mob from the base game and ArmorPlus, but only bosses will drop them normally.
Currently, there are no special uses for these blocks, but they will be used to create portals to different dimensions and/or craft "structure spawn" items, that will spawn a special dungeon with endgame bosses in a later version of the mod.